Suchergebnisse

The article deals with the problem of stimulating technology transfer in Russia. Russian sector of science and higher education is characterized as аn actor lacking experience in operating on the intellectual property market. Due to the reasons of political and economic character, till now Russian science and higher education have not got enough experience in commercializing research products to provide successful and mutually beneicial knowledge transfer to business sector. At the same time Russian business doesn't take the initiative to develop cooperation with science. These factors taken together determine the necessity of introducing measures of public regulation, aimed at creating national system of technology transfer with technology transfer centers in universities and research organization as the main element. The measures mentioned should be of bilateral character: irst, they should stimulate business sector to embed innovations, second – they must provide research organizations with the assistance in their activities aimed at creation and development of technology transfer centers. Advisability of providing technology transfer oices created in universities and research institutions with government support is grounded among other things by the existence of corresponding practice in innovative countries. Based on the analysis of approaches to the creation of technology transfer centers in foreign countries together with the common problems that Russian universities and research organizations face, the author comes to the conclusion, that an adequate approach to be implemented in Russia is the one, which ensure optimization and concentration of resources necessary to create and develop centers designed to commercialize research results. Proposals on the way to realize this approach in Russia are represented in the article. ; For citation: Salitskaya EA. Approaches to Creating Technology Trans- fer System in Russia. Science. Innovation. Education. 2018;4(30): 6–23.

The article analyzes the legal status of universities and research organizations in the context of their technology transfer activities. The author deines the legal content of the technology transfer concept and analyses regulatory provisions governing the disposal of intellectual property rights. The importance of an "exclusive right" both for the theory of law and for the practice of intellectual property protection is emphasized. It is argued that examination of only the general provisions of the law, which grants exclusive rights, is not suicient to reveal legal problems of technology transfer in the sphere of science and education. In the analysis of legal identity of universities and research organizations as economic entities the two types of legal provisions are considered. The irst group of norms regulate activity of publicly funded and autonomic institutions in Russia. The second group consists of speciic norms devoted to the functioning of scientiic organizations and universities. The key legal barriers to technology transfer between research sector and industry are identiied. The major milestones in evolution of the legal and regulatory environment in the ield are highlighted. The focal points of the national policy concerning distribution of intellectual property rights for publicly inanced developments of universities and research organizations are described. The author reveals the main drawbacks of the current legislative framework that determine legal status of scientiic and higher education organizations as economic entities are revealed. The author draws attention to the developments in intellectual property law, which can provide additional legal instruments to facilitate commercialization of scientiic research output of universities and scientiic organizations. The successful experience of foreign countries is used to justify introduction of these legal instruments in the Russian legislation framework.

The article is devoted to legal regulation of innovative activity at the regional level in the Russian Federation. Problems connected with the absence of a federal act in the sphere of innovations are examined, aims and objectives of its creation are determined. Regional legislative acts that deal with innovations are analyzed, common trends of their development as well as current approaches to legal regulation of sphere of innovations are revealed. Legal gaps and collisions, in particular connected with the absence of uniform interpretation of concepts and terms related to innovative activity identiied, necessity of their legalization in federal act is demonstrated. The article also deals with the regional laws` provisions devoted to the formation and implementation of public innovative policy at the regional level, particular attention is paid to the approaches to the legal regulation of public support of innovative activity used by regional legislators. The list of the most typical instruments of public support systemized, sub-divided by the author into categories, is formed. Regional rulemaking experience is summarized as to its potential of being used in the elaboration of federal legal act in the ield of innovative activity. A summary of regional rulemaking experience is provided, bearing in mind its potential for use in the elaboration of federal legal acts relating to innovation. On the base of the analysis of regional legislation the list of issues that demand regulation by a special federal act is formed. Analysis of regional legislation forms the basis for the compilation of a list of issues for which regulation by special federal act is required.

The article is devoted to the investment and legal aspects of the proposed measures aimed at improving the efficiency of the national intellectual capital use and, hence, achieving the long-term objectives of social and economic development of Russia. Such measures include the development of private investment, including venture capital, reduction of interest rates on production loans for high-tech companies using and creating national intellectual capital and legislation improvement in the sphere of creation and use of intellectual property. The article presents the forecast of economic effect from realization of measures in the sphere of private investment development, the forecast of economic effect from the reduction of interest rates on loans for high-tech companies using the example of а hypothetical company, the assessment of the impact of proposals on legislation improvement and providing the technology transfer. It concludes that the proposed measures have the significant influence in terms of stimulating the development of private investment in the sphere of intellectual capital use. The article presents the model of estimation of economic effect from reduction of interest rates on the loan for high-tech enterprises, which confirms the positive impact of this measure at microeconomic level, which, in turn, allows to make a conclusion about its positive impact on the economy as a whole. Within the legal aspect study the specific measures to encourage the creation and use of intellectual capital and improving technology transfer as an element of intellectual capital policy are proposed. It is concluded that the proposed legislative and institutional changes will contribute to improving the efficiency of national intellectual capital use in the long term.